dont waste time on daily news

first encounter: i found in the black swan of taleb

second encounter: bennet, how to live ln 24 hours

it doesnt educate

its nearly always out of your circle of influence (from seven habits...)

mind control = full existence

And without the power to concentrate—that is to say, without the power to dictate to the brain its task and to ensure obedience—true life is impossible. Mind control is the first element of a full existence.

how to live in 24 hours - arnold bennet

= discipline, a trait out of fashion

reflect on your readings to make it efficient

Unless you give at least forty-five minutes to careful, fatiguing reflection (it is an awful bore at first) upon what you are reading, your ninety minutes of a night are chiefly wasted. This means that your pace will be slow.

how to live in 24 hours - arnold bennet

man know thyself! ... through reflection

We do not reflect. I mean that we do not reflect upon genuinely important things; upon the problem of our happiness, upon the main direction in which we are going, upon what life is giving to us, upon the share which reason has (or has not) in determining our actions, and upon the relation between our principles and our conduct.

how to live in 24 hours - arnold bennet

brain as most unruly member of organism

The exercise of concentrating the mind (to which at least half an hour a day should be given) is a mere preliminary, like scales on the piano. Having acquired power over that most unruly member of one's complex organism, one has naturally to put it to the yoke. Useless to possess an obedient mind unless one profits to the furthest possible degree by its obedience.

how to live in 24 hours - arnold bennet

The brain doesnt get tired

mental faculties are capable of a continuous hard activity; they do not tire like an arm or a leg. All they want is change—not rest.

how to live in 24 hours - arnold bennet

Stockdale paradox:

http://jobtransition.net/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/The-Stocksdale-Paradox-from-Good-To-Great.pdf

From Collins: "Good to great"

The name refers to Admiral Jim Stockdale, who was the highest ranking United States military officer in the “Hanoi Hilton” prisoner-of-war camp during the height of the Vietnam War. Tortured over 20 times during his eight-year imprisonment from 1965 to 1973, Stockdale lived out the war without any prisoner's rights, no set release date, and no certainty as to whether he would even survive to see his family again. He shouldered the burden of command, doing everything he could to create conditions that would increase the number of prisoners who would survive unbroken, while fighting an internal war against his captors and their attempts to use the prisoners for propaganda.

“I never lost faith in the end of the story,” he said, when I asked him. “I never doubted not only that I would get out, but also that I would prevail in the end and turn the experience into the defining event of my life, which, in retrospect, I would not trade.

 “Who didn’t make it out?”
“The optimists. Oh, they were the ones who said, ‘We’re going to be out by Christmas.’ And Christmas would come, and Christmas would go. Then they’d say,‘We’re going to be out by Easter.’ And Easter would come, and Easter would go. And then Thanksgiving, and then it would be Christmas again. And they died of a broken heart.”

Another long pause, and more walking. Then he turned to me and said, “This is a very important lesson. You must never confuse faith that you will prevail in the end—which you can never afford to lose—with the discipline to confront the most brutal facts of your current reality, whatever they might be.”

To this day, I carry a mental image of Stockdale admonishing the optimists: “We’re not getting out by Christmas; deal with it!”

Strategy is about the questions

Tell me how you measure me and I will tell you how I behave. - Eliyahu Goldratt

While working, I must be kind and forgiving with my fragile self.

"Busy people, happy people."

How to destroy your company

The Ratner effect: Speak publicly bad as CEO about your products

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald_Ratner


The Osbourne effect: Announce future products too soon so that no one buys your todays Version:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osborne_effect



Doing both together: Nokia CEO 'Elop Effect'

http://communities-dominate.blogs.com/brands/2013/11/nokia-under-elop-his-3-years-performance-review-worst-ceo-of-all-time-all-the-facts-in-pictures.html

habits of great thinkers - personal observations

Very focused People who product great results. what do they do? My observations?

- They work with pencils
- They drink tea

Do you agree? Did you also observe it? What is the reason?

What you dont do determines what you can do.

Meine PMP Lernkartei, mz PMP

Responsibility, Respect, Fairness and Honesty
The four values of the code of ethics

aspirational and mandatory
The two standards of the code of ethics

our duty to take ownership for the decisions we make or fail to make, the actions we take or fail to take, and the consequences that result
Definition Responsibility in code of ethics

our duty to show a high regard for ourselves, others, and the resources entrusted to us .Resources entrusted to us may include people, money, reputation, the safety of others, and natural or environmental resources.
Definition of respect in code of ethics

our duty to make decisions and act impartially and objectively. our conduct must be free from competing self interest, prejudice, and favoritism.
Definition of Fairness in code of ethics

A conflict of interest occurs when we are in a position to influence decisions or other outcomes on behalf of one party when such decisions or outcomes could affect one or more other parties with which we have competing loyalties.
Definition conflict of interest in code of ethics

our duty to understand the truth and act in a truthful manner both in our communications and in our conduct.
Definition of honesty in code of conduct

Initiating
Select Project Manager

Initiating
Determine company culture and existing systems

Initiating
Collect processes, procedures and historical information

Initiating Divide large project into phases Initiating Identify stakeholders Initiating Document business needs Initiating Determine project objectives Initiating Document assumptions and constraints Initiating Develop project charter Initiating Develop preliminary scope statement Planning Determine how you will do planning - part of management plans Planning Create project scope statement Planning Determine team Planning Create WBS and WBS dictionary Planning Create activity list Planning Create network diagram Planning Estimate resource requirements Planning Estimate time and costs Planning Determine critical path Planning Develop schedule Planning Develop budget Planning Determine quality standards, processes and metrics Planning Determine roles and responsibilities Planning Determine communications and requirements Planning Risk idenification, qualitative and quantitative risk analysis and response planning Planning Iterations - go back Planning Determine what to purchase Planning Prepare procurement documents Planning Finalize the how to execute and control aspects of all management plans" Planning Create process improvement plan Planning Develop final PM plan and performance measurement baselines Planning Gain formal approval for plan Planning Hold kickoff meeting Executing Acquire final team Executing Excute the PM plan Executing produce product scope Executing Recommend changes and corrective actions Executing Send and receive information Executing implement approved changes, defect repair, preventive and corrective actions Executing Continuous improvement Executing Follow processes Executing Team building Executing Give recognition and rewards Executing Hold progress meetings Executing Use work authorization system Executing Request seller responses Executing Select sellers Monitor and Controlling Measure against the performance measurement baselines Monitor and Controlling Measure according to the management plans Monitor and Controlling Determine variances and if they warrent corrective action or a change Monitor and Controlling Validate Scope Monitor and Controlling. A subsystem of the overall pm system. it is a collection of formal documented procedures used to appply technical and administrative direction and surveillance. Configuration management Monitor and Controlling Recommend changes, defect repair, preventive and corrective actions Monitor and Controlling Integrated change control Monitor and Controlling Approve changes, defect repair, preventive and corrective actions Monitor and Controlling Risk audits Monitor and Controlling Manage reserves Executing . Use issue logs Monitor and Controlling Facilitate conflict resolution Monitor and Controlling Measure team member performance Monitor and Controlling Create forecasts Monitor and Controlling Administer contracts Closing Develop closure procedures Closing Complete contract closure Closing Confirm work was done according to requirements Closing Gain formal acceptance of the product Closing Final performance reporting Closing Index and archive records Closing Update lessons learned knowledge base Closing Hand off completed product Closing Release resources 2 (Close Project and Close Procurement) How many closing processes are there? Communication What is the most important interpersonal skill for a PM? A program is a group of projects managed in a unified manner How does a "Program" differ from a "Project"? At the beginning of a project or phase of a project When do you use the Develop Project Charter process? In order to have a uniform way of reporting progress Why would you use rules for progress reporting on a project? Define Scope In what process is the scope statement created? Level 2 At what level of the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) do work packages generally start? Cost Control What process would you use to make a change to the project budget? Involving non-management team members in planning What is defined as a preferred team building activity? Withdrawing What is the weakest conflict resolution technique? 6 (Plan Scope Management, Collect Requirements, Define Scope, Create WBS, Validate Scope, Control Scope) How many processes are there in Scope Management? Defined by stakeholders, completion of a major deliverable, and has a schedule duration of... What are three characteritics of a project milestone? Adding additional value without Return on Investment or quality not required for the project... What is gold-plating? Power takes 8 forms: Expert, Reward, Punishment, Referent, Title, Information, Charismatic... What types of power can a Project Manager have? Organizational Process Assets Updates and Change Reqests What are the main outputs from the Quality Assurance process? It shows resource hours planned by time period and can be improved as a burn rate chart which... What is a resource histogram? How can it be improved? Temporary, Unique, Progressive What three things make up the definition of a project? Failure to have and follow an agenda What is the most common reason for a meeting that fails to be effective? 1969 What year was the PMI founded? 60 PDU's How many PDU's do you need to recertify your PMP certification every three years? Using expert, non-collocated resources in a blind technique to identify risks Describe the Delphi technique for risk identification? To approve the Project Plan What is the purpose of a project kickoff meeting? By controlling the project How does Project Management provide value to the enterprise? Physiological What is the lowest level defined on Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs? All the planning process outputs What are the inputs to the Develop Project Plan process? Schedule, Priority, and Ressources What are the top three reasons for conflict on a project? Plan Procurements During what process does the "make or buy" decision occur? Time, Cost, Scope and then Risk, Quality, Customer Satisfaction What are the main constraints to be considered on a project? Mandatory and Aspirational Responsibilities The PMI Code of Ethics cites two types of responsibilities. What are they? The Scope Management Plan What is the main output from the Scope Planning process? Mitigate, transfer, avoid, accept Name one of the four risk responses for a negative risk? Non-verbal What is para-lingual communication? People don't want to work, they need to be watched What does MacGregors theory of "X" state? A form of expert judgment that uses previous similar activities as a basis for estimates What is the definition of "analogous estimating"? EAC=AC+BAC-EV What is the formula for EAC, assuming variance are atypical? EAC=AC+ETC, Estimate at completion, predicts the total cost of your project What is the formula for EAC, assuming there are no variances? Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis During what risk process are "probabilities of outcomes" predicted? Expert Judgment What is a probability and impact assessment most likely based upon? Offer, Acceptance, Consideration, Legal Intent, and Legal Capacity What five things must be present for a contract to exist? Multiply the Probability by the Impact How do you obtain a risk score for a risk being analyzed? Organizational Process Assets Update What is another term for "lessons learned"? Ordinal (=ordnend) A risk scale that uses terms such as "low, medium, or high" is what type of scale? As part of "plan cost management" When would you determine how you are going to measure Earned Value on a project? Creation of the Cost Management Plan What hidden process is part of Cost Management? No. A range of possibilities can be estimate potentially with probability of occurrence Are activity duration estimates always expressed as a single value? Lag dictates a delay to a successor activity How is project "lag" defined? The budget, i.e. the Cost Baseline What is the primary output from the process of Determine Budget? Fixed Price What type of contract requires the most detailed statement of work? To resolve isues and the understanding of communicated information What is the main purpose that the process of "Manage Stakeholders Expectations" is applied... Plan Risk Management During what process do you create the risk matrixes? Time and Materials, Fixed Price, or Cost Re-imbursible What types of contracts might you use on a project? Communications Management Plan What is the main output from the Plan Communications processes? An uncertain event, that if it occurs has a positive or negative effect on a project objective What is the definition of "risk" that PMI uses? During Monitor & Control Risks When would you monitor and re-assess risk for a project? 45 How many lines of communication will you have if the team contains10 persons? Plan Risk Management During which risk process do you determine your risk tolerance? Tabular (spreadsheet) or Graphical Performance reporting can be done in what two formats? To ensure the understanding of information communicated and to resolve any commuications isues What is the purpose of the Manage Stakeholders Expectations process? Cardinal A risk scale that uses numbers such as ".1, .3, .5" is what type of scale? It requires a detailed statement of work or change orders will occur and raise the price What is the main disadvantage of theFixed Price contract? Accept, Enhance, Exploit, or Share Which risk response might you use to respond to a positive risk? The Functional Manager Who would assist the PM with team member issues for persons that they assigned to the project? Directing, Facilitating, Coaching, Supporting, Consultative, Autocratic and Consensus What are the seven leadership styles? Hygiene factors (basic employment factors) and motivating agents (things that make the worker... What two management theories are given by Herzberg? Precedence Diagramming Method (Activity on Node) Which tool for activity sequencing allows for four types of dependencies? CPI=EV/AC What is the formula for CPI? The value of a risk times the probability of it's occurance What is "Expected Monetary Value"? To predict likely time and cost outcomes What would a Monte Carlo Simulation be used for? During Perform Quality Control When do you inspect the output of the project? 3 Sigma - (99.73%) What is the common accuracy level for a Control Chart? Hierarchical organization charts, matrix charts, and text based job descriptions What types of role charts or definition can a PM use? The promotion of a good Subject Matter Expert to manager What is halo effect? People are willing to work and want to achieve What does MacGregor's theory "Y" state? Minimize them What should a PM do regarding project changes? Self-actualization What is the highest level defined on Maslow's hierarchy of need? Conduct Procurements may precede Cost Budgeting (where the project cost baseline is set) Name one executing process that might precede a planning process? Quality Control Measurements and Recommended Corrective Actions What are the main outputs from the Quality Control process? The Scope Statement and the Scope Management Plan What specific inputs are required to create the Work-Breakdown-Structure (WBS)? TCPI - calculating the remaining work versus the remaining budget What formula is used to determine performance levels required to finish the project within... Create WBS (work breakdown structure) - this is the baseline for the project scope Project scope is fully defined in which process? 6 (dvlp project charter, dvlp pm plan, direct & manage project work, monitor & control project work, perform integrated change control, close project) How many processes are there in Integration Management? Managing the specifications of the product of the project What is configuration management? RFP - we want to know how a vendor intends to accomplish project objectives What type of procurement document is normally associated with a Fixed Price contract? An unplanned response to a risk that was unanticipated or accepted without action What is a "Workaround"? POET: Project Management, Organizational, External, and Technical What categories of risk must be considered on a project? N * (N-1) / 2 What is the "lines of coummunications" formula? To measure a process Why do you use control charts? No, they are intended to conform to other definitions and processes for quality Are the PMI definitions of quality intended to be proprietary? No. Grade refers to certain products specifications. A product can be low grade and high quality Are low grade and low quality the same thing? Human Resource Plan What are the primary outputs from the Develop Human Resources Plan process? The Project Manager Who is the main person who controls the project and is responsible for outcomes? In order to document your intentions while planning Why should you document assumptions as part of project boundary definition? 7500 (4500 with bachelor) How many hours of PM experience does a high school graduate have to have to apply for PMP? Identify Stakeholder In addition to Develop Project Charter - what other process is done in Initiating? Integrating What is the main role of the PM? 1 How many persons should sign a Project Charter? The Project Charter authorizes the Project and assigns the PM What two purposes does the Project Charter serve? Estimate Activity Duration During what process would you begin to consider project time reserve needs? To identify and approve (or decline) needed project changes What is the purpose of Integrated Change Control? 4 (Plan Cost Management, Estimate Costs, Determine Budget, Control Costs) How many Cost Management processes are there? Control Schedule What process should be used to change the project schedule? Schedule Performance Index. SPI defines what work has been accomplished against plan What does SPI signify? No, Feasibility Studies are separate projects that occur before a project is authorized Is a Project Feasibility Study considered part of Develop Project Charter process? Develop Schedule During what process does the baseline schedule for the project get created? Creating a schedule based on resource limitations What is resource leveling? Critical chain method: the critical path is calculated - then resource availability is entered... What tool for schedule development is most widely used? Three-Point Estimating, aka: PERT What activity duration estimating method is based on interviews to predict durations? Straight line which type of depreciation would allow the same amount to be depreciated annually? Expert Judgment What is the most common method for activity duration estimating? Lessons learned is part of the Organizational Process Assets Updates but is not a named tool... During what process is the "lessons learned process" used? Brainstorming, Delphi Technique, Interviewing, Root Cause Analysis What are the four tools used as information gathering techniques during Identify Risks? Yes, it is a one-way communication that creates a contract relationship Is a purchae order considered a contract? Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis During what risk process do you populate a risk matrix with data? Status, Progress, Forecasts, Scope, Quality and Risks. What should be reported on when doing performance reporting? There is a sender, receiver and message. Sender encodes, determines media and confirms understanding.... What is the Communications Model? Risk Contingency Costs, Quality Costs, and Project Management Costs What administrative cost elements must be considered for a project? Acquisition Project Human Resource Management - Tool/Technique - Acquire Project Team Acquisition Activity Attributes Project Time Management - Output - Define Activities Project Time Management... Activity Attributes Activity List Project Time Management - Output - Define Activities Project Time Management... Activity List Activity resource requirements Project Time Management - Output - Activity resource requirements... Activity resource requirements Adjusting leads and lags Project Time Management - Tool & Technique - Control Schedule Adjusting leads and lags Define Scope. Alternative identification is a planning process to find alternatives to completing the project scope Alternative identification Assumptions analysis Project Risk Management - Tool & Technique - Identify Risks Assumptions analysis Benchmarking Project Quality Management - Tool & Technique - Plan Quality Benchmarking Bidder conferences Project Procurement Management - Tool & Technique - Conduct Procurements Bidder conferences Business Case Project Integration Management - Input - Develop Project Charter Business Case Change request status updates Project Integration Management - Output - Perform Integrated... Change request status updates Checklist analysis Project Risk Management - Tool & Technique- Identify Risks Checklist analysis Claims administration Project Procurement Management - Tool & Technique - Administer Procurements Claims administration Co-location Project Human Resource Management - Tool & Technique - Develop Project Team Co-location Communication management plan Project Communications Management - Output - Plan Communications Communication management plan Communications technology Project Communications Management - Tool & Technique - Plan Communications Communications technology Conflict management Plan Human Resource Management - Tool & Technique - Manage Project Team Conflict management developed in advance and designed to be used only if the risk event occurs. Contingent response strategies Control charts Project Quality Management - Tool & Technique -Plan Quality, Perform Quality... Control charts Cost aggregation Project Cost Management - Tool & Technique - Determine Budget Cost aggregation Cost of quality Project Cost Management - Tool & Technique - Estimate Costs Project Quality... Cost of quality Cost-benefit analysis Plan Quality Management - Tool & Technique - Plan Quality Cost-benefit analysis Critical chain method Project Time Management - Tool & Technique - Develop Project Critical chain method Critical path method Project Time Management - Tool & Technique - Develop Project Critical path method Decomposition Project Scope Management - Tool & Technique - Create WBS Project Time Management... Decomposition Deliverables Project Integration Management - Output - Direct and Manage Project Execution Project... Deliverables Dependency determination Project Time Management - Tool & Technique - Sequence Activities Dependency determination Design of experiments Project Quality Management - Tool & Technique - Plan Quality Design of experiments carried out for getting ideas on risks that may be existing/ foreseen in the project. Documentation reviews involve reviewing the project documentation, including plans, assumptions, project files, and other information in order to identify areas of inconsistency or lack of clarity. Documentation reviews Earned value management Project Cost Management - Tool & Technique - Control Costs Earned value management Prozesschart Flowcharting Focus Groups Project Scope Management - Tool & Technique - Collect Requirements For what do you use "Focus Groups"? Funding limit reconciliation Project Cost Management - Tool & Technique - Determine Budget Funding limit reconciliation Ground rules Project Human Resource Management - Tool & Technique - Develop Project Team Ground rules Determine Budget - A good way to check the validity of your budget is to compare it with any historic data or industry data that show cost relationships. For example, organizations that do similar projects and use a defined lifecycle can tell you what percent of the budget should be spent in each lifecycle phase. You can compare the historic information with your project lifecycle to make sure that they’re aligned. Historical relationships Conduct Procurements, the procurement department estimates costs and compares to offers of vendors Independent estimates Inspection Project Scope Management - Tool & Technique - Verify Scope Project Quality Management... Inspection Inspections and audits Project Procurement Management - Tool & Technique - Administer Procurements Inspections and audits Negotiated settlements Project Procurement Management - Tool & Technique - Close Procurements Negotiated settlements Negotiation Project Human Resource Management - Tool & Technique - Acquire Project Team Negotiation Payment systems Project Management Procurement - Tool & Technique - Administer Procurements Payment systems Performance reports Project Communications Management - Output - Report Performance Project... Performance reports Pre-assignment Project Human Resource Management - Tool & Technique - Acquire Project Team Pre-assignment Precedence diagramming method (PDM) Project Time Management - Tool & Technique - Sequence... Precedence diagramming method (PDM) Probability and impact matrix Project Risk Management - Tool & Technique - Perform Qualitative... Probability and impact matrix Process analysis Project Quality Analysis - Tool & Technique - Perform Quality Assurance Process analysis Process improvement plan Project Quality Management - Output - Plan Quality Process improvement plan Procurement contract award Project Procurement Management - Output - Conduct Procurements Procurement contract award Product analysis Project Scope Analysis - Tool & Technique - Define Scope Product analysis Project document updates Project Integration Management - Output - Direct and Manage Project... Project document updates Project funding requirements Project Cost Management - Output - Determine Budget Project... Project funding requirements Project Statement of Work Project Integration Management - Input - Develop Project Charter Project Statement of Work Used in Conduct Procurements Proposal evaluation techniques Prototypes Project Scope Management - Tool & Technique - Collect Requirements Prototypes Qualified seller list Project Procurement Management - Input - Conduct Procurements Qualified seller list Quality audits Project Quality Management - Tool & Technique - Perform Quality Assurance Quality audits Quality checklists Project Quality Management - Output - Plan Quality Project Quality Management... Quality checklists Questionnaires and surveys Project Scope Management - Tool & Technique - Collect Requirements Questionnaires and surveys Recognition and rewards Project Human Resource Management - Tool & Technique - Develop Project... Recognition and rewards Reporting systems Project Communications Management - Tool & Technique - Report Performance Reporting systems Requirements documentation Project Scope Management - Output - Collect Requirements Project... Requirements documentation Requirements management plan Project Scope Management - Output - Collect Requirements Requirements management plan Resource leveling Project Time Management - Tool & Technique - Develop Schedule, Control Schedule Resource leveling Risk assessment Project Risk Management - Tool & Technique - Monitor & Control Risks Risk assessment Perform Qualitative Analysis. A Group of Potential Causes of Risk. to systematically identify risks in a consistent manner and organize them so that they can be better managed. It also helps to identify the root causes of these risks in a better way. A Risk Breakdown Structure or RBS is a classic example of this Risk Categorization idea. Risk categorization Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis - This tool focuses on making sure that the information we are using to perform the risk analysis activities is unbiased and credible. Risk data quality assessment Risk management plan Project Risk Management - Input - Identify Risks, Perform Qualitative... Risk management plan Risk register Project Risk Management - Output - Identify Risks Project Cost Management -... Risk register Risk urgency assessment Project Risk Management - Tool & Technique - Perform Qualitative Analysis Risk urgency assessment Plan Risk Response. Contractual decisions made to mitigate risk. For example, insurance contracts can effectively transfer risk to the insurer Risk-related contract decisions Define Activities. Rolling wave planning is the process of planning for a project in waves (phases) as the project progresses and things become more clearer. Rolling wave planning Perform Quality Control - a graph that displays observed data in a time sequence. Run chart Scatter diagram Project Quality management - Tool & Technique - Perform Quality Control - Punktdiagram Scatter diagram Schedule network analysis Project Time Management - Tool & Technique - Develop Schedule Schedule network analysis Source selection criteria Project Procurement Management - Output - Plan Procurements Project... Source selection criteria Stakeholder register Project Communications Management - Output - Identify Stakeholders Project... Stakeholder register SWOT analysis Project Risk Management - Tool & Technique - Identify Risks SWOT analysis Procurements. simply legal contracts between two or more companies that jointly want to offer / answer an RfP Teaming agreements Three-point estimates Project Time Management - Tool & Technique - Estimate Activity Durations Project... Three-point estimates Training Project Human Resource Management - Tool & Technique - Develop Project Team Training Variance Analysis Project Scope Management - Tool & Technique - Control Scope Project Time. A technique for determining the cause and degree of difference between the baseline and actual performance. Variance Analysis Virtual teams Project Human Resource Management - Tool & Technique - Acquire Project Team Virtual teams The agreement to be able to assign project resources, make project decisions, and spend project... Authority A team-building technique in which team members are located together or as close to each other... Co-location Any internal or external organization variables that can influence te project success. Ex:... Enterprise Environmental Factors (output/Input) The coordination of personnel and additional resources to implement the project management... Executing Process A manager of a department or unit in a functional organization. Functional Manager A structure within a company where people are grouped by similar skill set (e.g., accounting,... Functional Organizational Structure Products that have been created and are available for purchase. Goods Information from previous projects that can be used to learn from success and failure. Historical Information A person or organization that is not necessarily directly related to the project but can influence... Influencer An organization or individual authorized and capable of starting a project. Initiator The day-to-day repeatable activities that a company performs. Operations The various process-related assets from the organizations involved in the project work;... Organizational Process Assets (Output/Input) The entity whose personnel are most directly involved in performing the work of the project. Performing Organization A group of programs or projects related and managed in a coordinated way to achieve specific... Portfolio A group of related projects that are managed to obtain synergistic benefits and control. Program The management of projects in a coordinated way to achieve better results than if managed separately. Program Management The process of beginning a project and, as more information is discovered, adjusting the plan... Progressive Elaboration (Technique) The central group of project management at a company; can be a centralized group of Project... Project Management Office The group of processes that complete a project (Initiating, Planning, Executing, Monitoring... Project Management Process Groups The elements needed to manage a project; processes, tools, methods etc. Project Management System An organization which authorizes the project manager to assign resources to the project, to... Projectized Organization A requirement developed by a government organization. Regulation Work performed without resulting in a physical product. Service The capability to execute project-related activities based on individual subject matter expertise... Skill Person or group who provides the financial resources for the project. Sponsor Person or entity whose interests are positively or negatively affected by the project or whose... Stakeholder A smaller piece of the project, as a result of decompostion; is usually created as a reuslt... Subproject A partially filled-out document that can serve as a shell for completion of project documents. Template A phrase that describes a war room or close environment for the team; can also be used as a... Tight Matrix An approach for measuring the variance associated with the scope, time, or cost of the project. Variance Analysis (Technique) A planning technique used to provide products, services, and results that truly reflect customer requirements by translating those customer requirements into the appropriate technical requirements for each phase of project product development Voice of the Customer (VOC) A room shared by project personnel that can be used for planning and meetings, and display... War Room Total project budget; amount of money planned to be spent by the time the project is complete;... Budget at Completion (BAC) A structure used to monitor project cost that usually aligns with a company's accounting... Chart of Accounts (Tool) A point where scope, time, budgeted cost, and actual cost come together to measure performance... Control Account (Tool) The difference between what has been built (EV) and what the cost was to build it (AC);... Cost Variance (CV) The process of applying the overall cost estimates to the individual work elements to... Determine Budget Represents the value of the work that has actually been accomplished or completed up to... Earned Value (EV) The technique associated with measuring the amount of completion of a work breakdown structure... Earned Value Technique (EVT) (Technique)  Represents the total costs that should have been spent up to a particular point in time;... Planned Value (PV) Ratio of earned value and planned value that can be used to calculate how a project is... Schedule Performance Index (SPI) The total amount of money expected to be spent on a project based on the original cost... Budget The document that explains how to handle cost estimations, budgeting, variances,and other... Cost Management Plan  A ratio that shows the current efficiency of money being spent on the project; Formula:... Cost Performance Index (CPI)  A cost estimate that provides the accurate estimation of the project cost; the final... Definitive Estimate Earned value management technique that factors in cost (AC) and time (PV) along with what... Earned Value Management (EVM) Represents the projected total estimate remaining to be spent, based on the current efficiency... Estimate to Complete (ETC) Very early cost estimate used to give a rough estimate of what the project will cost to... Rough Order of Magnitude(ROM) Estimate The difference between what has been built (EV) and the time it should take to build it... Schedule Variance (SV) An estimate used to put money into a company's (or project's) budget Budgetary Estimate A budget version for a specific time period that is used as the basis for expenditure... Cost Performance Baseline Cost that is not directly accrued on the project (Ex: electricity, taxes, rent) Indirect Cost  Consideration of not just project cost, but total ownership (operations and support)... Life Cycle Costing Money set aside to account for unpredictable items (unknown unknowns) Management Reserves Processes used to complete the project within the approved budget Project Cost Management Easily measurable cost or benefit of a project; measured in dollars Tangible Cost/Benefit Creation and delivery of a product that has met the specified requirements and conformance... Conformance Cost of conformance to requirements and non-conformance Cost of Quality (COQ)(Technique) A process that examines which variables have the greatest outcome on a process or product... Design of Experiments (DOE) Diagrams that break down possible areas for failure in a process. Ursache Wirkung Diagram Fishbone Diagrams (Ishikawa Diagrams) Diagrams that display the connectivity of pieces of a system Flowcharts Evaluating something created to ensure it meets the desired standards for use and conforms... Inspection (Technique) focus upon continuous improvement of processes in manufacturing, engineering, and business management. Kaizen The entire group of similar criteria (Ex: All Americans, all owners of a particular product)... Population A set of activities completed in a certain order to create a product, result, or service Process The degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfill requirements Quality A technique that is used to discover what is an underlying problem, defect, or variance... Root Cause Analysis A measurement of acceptability of a product or process Sigma The area on the sides of a mean of a control chart that the customer has established as... Specification Limits A predictable source of variation in a system Common Cause Cost associated with not meeting quality expectations of the project or product Cost of Nonconformance The characteristics that the user desires built into a product Features Developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). 9000 ff are quality management norms ISO 9000 Säulendiagram wobei die Säulen der Größe nach geordnet sind. Die größten links. Somit stehen die wichtigsten dinge (80/20 Regel) zuerst. Pareto Chart (Tool) The processes required to ensure that the result of the project is satisfactory: establishing... Project Quality Management Actions used to modify/repair defective products to come within specification of the desired... Rework The measurement of variation within a distribution Standard Deviation Selecting a section of the population to use for a measurement (instead of the entire... Statistical Sampling A problem or error in the creation of the work of the project Defect FMEA reviews a process step by step and asks, “What can go wrong?” Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) A  product that can be used as it was intended when designed Fitness for Use Adjustments made to modify the output of a process to achieve a better degree of quality... Process Adjustments A part of the population used for a measurement (instead of the entire population)... Sample A non-random or intermittent variable in a system / control chart in quality control Special Cause An organization chart that displays which group is responsible for each work item and... Organizational Breakdown Structure (OBS) (Tool) Sticking to the target of the negotiations or project; involves holding on and working... Persistence Power A description of the roles and responsibilities of a team member Position Description (Tool) Being professional and practical when working with others; helps to foster a win/win relationship... Professionalism Power An organization chart that displays which group is responsible for each work item and... Project Organization Chart (Output/Input) Possessing comfort or a harmonious relationship with someone Rapport People, supplies, equipment, and other items used in the work of the project Resource The hiring and applying of the needed resources to the project Staff Acquisition The creation of individual and team skills to maximize project output Team Development Directly dealing with a conflict via problem-solving techniques so that the parties can... Confrontation A plan that documents roles and responsibilities, reporting relationships and staffing... Human Resource Plan A situation in which a resource is applied to too many activities at the same time to... Over-Allocation Project team members with direct involvement in project management activities Project Management Team A list of all project team members, their project roles, and their communication needs... Project Team Directory A matrix that connects the work of the WBS to the personnel assigned to it in the OBS... Responsibility Assignment Matrix (RAM) (Tool) A conflict resolution technique in which the focus is on areas of similarity and focus... Smoothing A role that relates back to the overall picture of what the project is focusing on Summarizers A conflict resolution technique in which you withdraw from the disagreement (or source... Withdrawal A type of power that uses negative approaches including threatening and punishment to... Coercive/Penalty Power A conflict resolution technique in which a solution involves (typically) a little of what... Compromise The process of improving the project management team to optimize project performance Develop Project Team Listening with the goal of understanding what the sender is trying to communicate... Empathetic Listening Applying an all or nothing (win/lose) to get the desired result Forcing A pyramid representation of Maslow's Theory that a person's motivation is based on needs... Hierarchy of Needs Matching behavior characteristics of another person or group Mirroring Determining, assigning, and documenting responsibilities, roles, and reporting relationships... Organizational Planning A structure that shows the decomposition of the resources being used on the project; can... Resource Breakdown Structure (RBS) The process of applying resources to a schedule and its activities Resource Loading A document used to describe when resources will start and finish the project Staffing Management Plan Process of using a previous project of similar characteristic (size, cost, scope) to estimate... Analogous Estimates Estimate/plan that the project tries to achieve (cost, scope, time, etc.). Baseline A detailed estimating approach that usually involves team input - As the team builds the pieces... Bottom-Up Estimating The total amount of money expected to be spent on a project based on the original cost estimates... Budget Total project budget; amount of money planned to be spent by the time the project is complete;... Budget at Completion (BAC) An estimate used to put money into a company's (or project's) budget. Budgetary Estimate A structure used to monitor project cost that usually aligns with the company's accounting system Chart of Accounts A numbering system used in project management to identify pieces of the work breakdown Code of Accounts The document that explains how to handle cost estimations, budgeting, variances, and other... Cost Management Plan A budget version for a specific time period that is used as the basis for expenditure comparison. Cost Performance Baseline A ratio that shows the current efficiency of money being spent on the project; Formula: Cost Performance Index The difference between what has been built (EV) and what the cost was to build it (AC); Formula:... Cost Variance (CV) A cost estimate that provides the accurate estimation of the project cost; the final estimate... Definitive Estimate Represents the value of the work that has actually been accomplished or completed up to a particular... Earned Value (EV) The technique associated with measuring the amount of completion of a work breakdown structure... Earned Value Technique (EVT) Represents the projected total estimate remaining to be spent, based on the current efficiency... Estimate to Complete (ETC) Cost that is not directly accrued on the project. Indirect Cost A theory which states that the more of something that is produced, the lower the unit cost. - Stückkostendegression Learning Curve Theory Consideration of the not just project cost, but total ownership (operations and support) cost... Life Cycle Costing Money set aside to account for unpredictable items (unknown unknowns). Management Reserves A value used in capital budgeting, in which the present value of the cash inflow is subtracted... Net Present Value (NPV) The cost associated with giving up one opportunity for another. Opportunity Cost Application of a mathematical model used to estimate project components (time, cost, scope)... Parametric Modeling Represents the total costs that should have been spent up to a particular point in time; also... Planned Value (PV) Money made after expenses have been subtracted from revenue. Profit Processes used to complete the project within the approved budget. Project Cost Management Monet set aside in a budget used for items that are difficult to predict; also known as contingency... Reserves Very early cost estimate used to give a rough estimate of what the project will cost to complete;... Rough Order of Magnitude (ROM) Estimate Ratio of earned value and planned value that can be used to calculate how a project is progressing. Schedule Performance Index (SPI) The difference between what has been built (EV) and the time it should take to build it (PV);... Schedule Variance (SV) Money that already been spent on a project; should not be considered when selecting or evaluating... Sunk Cost Easily measurable cost or benefit of a project. a plausible quantitative value can be computed Tangible Cost/Benefit Planning Estimate time and costs Planning Determine critical path Planning Develope schedule Planning Develope budget Closing Gain formal acceptance of the product Closing Final performance reporting Closing Index and archive records Closing Update lessons learned knowledge base Closing Hand off completed product 60 PDU's How many PDU's do you need to recertify your PMP certification every three years? Using expert, non-collocated resources in a blind technique to identify risks Describe the Delphi technique for risk identification? By controlling the project How does Project Management provide value to the enterprise? Physiological What is the lowest level defined on Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs? Schedule, Priority, and Resources What are the top three reasons for conflict on a project? Plan Procurements During what process does the "make or buy" decision occur? People don't want to work, they need to be watched What does MacGregors theory of "X" state? A form of expert judgment that uses previous similar activities as a basis for estimates What is the definition of "analogous estimating"? EAC=AC+BAC-EV, estimate at completion (etimated toal cost of completing all work), forecast, actual cost + budget at completion (from beginning of the project) - earned value What is the formula for EAC, assuming variance are atypical? EAC=AC+ETC What is the formula for EAC, assuming there are no variances? Lead allows acceleration of the successor activiity with respect to a predecessor activity. How is project "lead" defined? Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis During what risk process are "probabilities of outcomes" predicted? Expert Judgment What is a probability and impact assessment most likely based upon? Offer, Acceptance, Consideration, Legal Intent, and Legal Capacity What five things must b present for a contract to exist? Directing, Facilitating, Coaching, Supporting, Consultative, Autocratic and Consensus What are the seven leadership styles? Hygiene factors (basic employment factors) and motivatng agents (things that make the worker... What two managment theories are given by Herzberg? Precedence Diagramming Method (Activity on Node) Which tool for activity sequencing allows for four types of dependencies? CPI=EV/AC What is the formula for CPI? Quality Control Meaurements and Recommended Corrective Actions What are the main outputs from the Quality Control process? TCPI - calculating the remaining work versus the remaining budget What forumla is used to determine performance levels required to finish the project within... 6 How many processes are there in Integration Management? RFP - we want to know how a vendor intends to accomplish project objectives What type of procurement document is normally associated with a Fixed Price contract? The Project Manager Who is the main person who controls the project and is responsible for outcomes? In order to document your intentions while planning Why should you document assumptions as part of project boundary definition? Collect Requirements Requirements traceability matrix is an output of what? Six Thinking Hats General mgt technique to generate different approaches to doing work Lateral Thinking is part of Alternative Identication which is tools and technique of Scope... Querdenken. Kreativitaetstechnik Lateral Thinking  Training, team building, and ground rules. Tools and techniques recommended for developing a project team  define activity process.  Milestone List  is an output of .... 3 or 99.73% Control chart upper/lower limits are usually set at +/- ? sigma an iterative four-step management method used in business for the control and continuous improvement of processes and products. It is also known as the Deming circle/cycle/wheel Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) estimate activity resources Sequence activities -> ?? -> estimate activity durations.   a grouping of tasks that "hang" between two end dates it is tied to Hammock Activity tornado diagram One typical display of sensitivity analysis is the _______, which is useful for comparing... (BAC - EV) / (BAC - AC), i.e. remaining work vs. remaining budget  To Complete Performance Index (TCPI) (Formula) the range of such an estimation is +/- 50% Rough Order of Estimate (ROE oder ROM estimate) Hard Logic Mandatory dependencies are also refered to as  Assignable causes. These are errors, anormal variance Special causes of variance are also known as... The procees of accumulating, finishing, and interpreting information to achieve completion... Administrative Closure A request for a change on a project that has been approved via formal or informal change request. Approved Change Request (output/input) A technique to determine if the project assumptions are accurate, consistent, and complete... Assumption Analysis The formal or informal process of reviewing changes associated with a project; will result... Change Control A plan that defines the process for controlling change to configurable items that require formal... Configuration Management Plan A document which tracks items that occur during a project (Ex. change, issue, and defect). Log A set of records that correctly describe and document the history of the project. Project Archives A formal request for a change to the project that is submitted for approval via the Perform... Requested Change define the measures of performance and acceptable variables during project implementation. Technical Performance Measurement (Technique) A project-selection technique in which criteria are defined and a weight given to it. Each... Weighted Scoring Model Tools and techniques used to create the foundation for information transfer on a project... Communications Infrastructure Deliver needed project information to stakeholders in an appropriate timeframe Distribute Information A report that includes significant variations from the planned activities Exception Report Estimates related to future project performance that are based on historical information... Forecasts The process of communicating with the stakeholders to determine their expectations... Manage Stakeholder Expectations An integrated scope-schedule-cost plan that is used as the basis for execution measurement... Performance Measurement Baseline A report that states what has been accomplished in a specific amount of time on the project... Progress Report The standards we use to determine what is right and wrong; varies for everyone Ethics An attitude that one's group is superior to others Ethnocentrism Money or other items of value that are "earned" via improper activities Inappropriate Compensation The process of managing the relationship between buyer and seller Administer Procurements A Bill of Materials (BOM) defines the complete set of physical elements required to manufacture a product. Bill of Materials (BOM) A contract that reimburses the seller for cost, plus a negotiated percentage of the total... Cost-plus-percentage of Cost (CPPC) Contract The SOW is the seed or kernel of the idea for the project which is then developed at a high level for the purpose of approval of the project during the Initiating Process Group Statement of Work (SOW) A clause in the contract that allows both the buyer and the seller to end the contract... Termination Clause The person or group in an organization that acquires products, services, or results Buyer A demand for consideration, under the terms of a contract, by a buyer from a seller or... Claim The process of receiving proposals, quotes, and bids, selecting a seller and establishing... Conduct Procurements A contract in which the supplier receives payment for allowable costs plus a fixed fee... Cost-plus-fixed-fee (CPFF)Contract A contract in which the supplier receives payment for pre-aligned costs (budget). the cost in excess of the target cost is only partially paid according to a Buyer/Seller ratio Cost-plus-incentive-fee (CPIF) Contract A real fixed price contract. Firm-fixed-price (FFP)Contract An initial part of the procurement process in which a decision is made to either create the... Make-or-buy Decision The process of determining what to buy, the optimum method to make the purchase... Plan Procurements PTA - a point on the cost line of the Profit-cost curve determined by the contract elements associated with a fixed price plus incentive-Firm Target (FPI)contract above which the seller effectively bears all the costs of a cost overrun Point of Total Assumption Document that determines make vs. buy decisions, establishes required procurement documents... Procurement Management Plan A document used to get bids or quotes from possible suppliers, usually for commodity type... Request for Quote (RFQ) A contract that provides for acquiring services at specified fixed hourly rates and materials... Time and Material (T&M) Contract Compensation in the planning for unknown items that could occur; typically schedule- or... Buffer Pre-established actions that the team executes if a known risk event occurs on the project... Contingency Plans The product of multiplying the monetary value impact and probability of the risk event;... Decision Tree Analysis (Technique) A type of plan created for risks with a great impact on project goals, to be executed... Fallback Plans The process of monitoring known risks, reducing any risks, identifying any new risks,... Monitor and Control Risks Analyze risks and determine the priority of their effects on the project Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis The possibility of a negative (threat) or positive (opportunity) event Risk Eliminating a risk or threat, usually by eliminating the cause Risk Avoidance Events that may impact the project (either negative or positive) Risk Events A document that details and describes the plan for managing risk over the life of the... Risk Management Plan Characteristics which indicate that a risk event is possibly starting to occur; could... Risk Symptoms Allocating the responsibility for and impact of the risk event to another party Risk Transference Possessing a low desire or tolerance for risk Risk-Averse Risks that result from the execution of a risk response Secondary Risks A risk analysis technique which considers the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and... Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) Analysis Reserves that can help mitigate schedule or cost issues (risk), in the case of changes... Contingency Reserves (Output/Input) A technique used to simulate the outcome of a project many times to determine the range... Monte Carlo Analysis Measure the probability and impact of the risks and estimate the impact on the project... Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis Matrix matching Risk probability and impact. Risks that score high in both or extreme in one will be prioritized Probability and Impact Matrix (Tool) Risk that remains after response strategies have been applied Residual Risk Opting to accept the impact or consequences of a risk event Risk Acceptance A decomposition of the risk categorization, and the risks within those categories that... Risk Breakdown Structure (RBS) (Tool) A data repository that stores and manipulates information associated with the risk management... Risk Database Numbers representing the risk of certain events, the likelihood of their occurring, plus... Risk Factors Minimizing the impact of a risk event by minimizing the likelihood (probability) of its... Risk Mitigation Possessing a higher tolerance than most for risk Risk Seeking The level of satisfaction from a potential risk payoff Risk Tolerance See Risk Tolerance. Risk Utility A technique used in risk management that helps show which risks will likely have the most... Sensitivity Analysis The formal or informal process of reviewing changes associated with a project; will result... Change Control A group of people formally recognized to approve or reject requested changes on a project. Change Control Board (CCB)  A documented, formal process that manages change associated with the project. Change Control System A plan that defines the project change management process. Change Management Plan A plan that defines the process for controlling change to configurable items that require formal... Configuration Management Plan Attaining signature for a piece of the project or the complete project, where the signature... Formal Acceptance  Commitment from the sponsor and organization to start a project or to continue it to the next... Initiation A document which tracks items that occur during a project (Ex. change, issue, and defect). Log Apply the change control process as it relates to all project Knowledge Areas. Perform Integrated Change Control A set of records that correctly describe and document the history of the project. Project Archives The process of formally receiving the work of the project: the work should be complete and... Acceptance Record each idea from brainstorming on cards or notes. Look for ideas that seem to be related. Sort cards into groups until all cards have been used. Affinity Diagram  A component of the work breakdown sturcture that has known work but no detailed activities. Planning Package Unauthorized request for change that usually occurs in a project as time evolves. Scope Creep Decision is made via the consensus of all group members. Unanimity Gaining approval of the project scope deliverables as they are completed. Verify Scope A network diagramming method in which actiivties are shown on arrows and connected at nodes. Can only depict Finish-to-start relationships Activity-on-arrow (AOA) #NAME? Activity-on-node The separation (or divergence) of activities on network diagram from a central node. Burst The smallest time unit used in project schedules such as minutes, hours, shifts, days, weeks,... Calendar Unit A duration compression technique in which more people are added to critical path activities... Crashing A network analysis method used to calculate total project duration. Critical Path Method (CPM) (Technique) A zero duration activity used in the arrow diagramming method (ADM) to show a logical relationship;... Dummy Activities A dependency that lies outside the control of the project team. External Dependency The amounbst of time an activity can be delaped (slip) without causing a delay to the successor(s)... Float A network diagram technique that calculates the early start (ES) and early finish (EF) dates... Forward Pass The amount of time an activitiy can be delayed without causing slippage (delay) to the early... Free Slack (Free Float) The horizontal bar chart used in project management to show a time relationship between activities.... Gantt Chart A fixed date for an activity or milestone. Imposed Date A coming together (convergence) of activities on a network diagram. Merge A high level schedule which displays summary information associated with activities and milestones. Milestone Schedule (Tool) The connecting of activities on the network diagram to establish the structure of the network... Network Logic A point in a schedule network. Node A burst on the network diagram where the output of an activitiy goes to more than one activity. Path Divergence An estimating technique used to take the pessimistic, optimistic, and realistic (most likely)... PERT Weighted Average The logical relationship between activities as depicted in a precedence diagram. Precedence Relationship An activitiy that determines when its successor activity can begin. Predecessor Acitivitiy A view of the logical relationship (sequencing) of project activities. Project Network Diagram A graphical representation of the logical relationships between project activites. Project Schedule Network Diagram A progressive elaboration approach to managing a schedule where the initial phases are defined... Rolling Wave Planning (Technique) The planned dates, sequencing, resources, and durations for activities and milestones on a... Schedule The process of shorting the project schedule without modifying the scope of the project (Ex:)... Schedule Compression (Technique) Document that decomposes work packages, establishes the network diagram, determines required... Schedule Management Plan A major event in the project schedule; typically involves the start or completion of a major... Schedule Milestone The planned finish date for an activitiy, work package or other piece of the schedule. Scheduled Finish Date The planned start date for an activity, work package, or other piece of the schedule. Scheduled Start Date A section of a network diagram; can be associated with a work package or some other type of... Subnetwork A requested project completion date that can be a constraint for the project. Target Completion Date (TC) The date that the project (or activity) is anticipated to be completed. Target Finish Date (TF) A preliminary schedule that can be used during initial stages of Planning; could differ from... Target Schedule The planned start date of the project or activity. Target Start Date (TS) An estimating technique that can be applied to schedule or budget; uses three estimates for... Three Point Estimate (Technique)  The maximum amount of time an activity can slip without causing a delay to the project finish... Total Float (TF) The amount of time an activity can slip (be delayed) from its early start date without delaying... Total Slack (Total Float) Data associated with the completion of work on the project; can include deliverable status,... Work Performance Information (Output/Input) Earned Value Technique EVT Planned Value PV Actual Cost AC Start to Finish relationship between two activities. The completion of the successor is dependent on the initiation of its predecessor. SF A finish-to-start (FS) relationship between two activities implies that the initiation of successor is dependent on the completion of predecessor. FS A finish-to-finish (FF) relationship between two activities implies that the completion of successor is dependent on the completion of predecessor. FF A start-to-start (SS) relationship implies that the initiation of successor is dependent on the initiation of predecessor. SS Program Evaluation and Review Technique. A technique for estimating that applies a weighted average of optimistic, pessimistic and most likely estimates when there is uncertainty with the individual activity estimates. PERT (P+O+4M)/6. P = pessimistic, 0 = optimistic, M = most likely estimate PERT formula Any systematic approaches used to analyse the value of a proposed project. The evaluation may be formal or informal. What is "Project Selection Method"? To complete Performance Index TCPI Earned Value Technique. The EVT continuously monitors the planned value , earned value and actual costs expected to produce the work of the project. EVT Planned value. The authorized budget assigned to scheduled work. PV Actual cost is money that’s actually been expended to date for completed work AC Earned value is the value of the work completed to date compared to the budget. How much work was actually completed during a given period of time. Derived by measuring actual work completed at a point in the schedule. EV Cost variance: EV-AC (Earned Value - Actual Cost) CV (und Formel) Estimate at completion. Predict the cost of the project at its completion. (zb Kosten bisher + forecast) EAC Budget at completion. An estimate, determined at the start of the project. "how much money you believe that you will need to complete the project" BAC 7 (Plan schedule mgmt, define activities, sequence activities, estimate activity resources, estimate activity durations,develop schedule, control schedule) Processes in "Project Time Management" High level project requirements, aceptance criteria, Project objectives, Product requirements, Key milestone dates What does the Project Charter include? A formal, approved document that defines how the project is managed, executed, and controlled. It may be summary or detailed and may be composed of one or more subsidiary management plans and other planning documents How is the Project management plan defined? deliverables and work performance information Output of "direct and manage project execution n Monitoring and controll: Takes a look at all the work being done to ensure that the deliverables and the way they are being done are in line with the plan. What does the process "Monitor and control work" do? When a change occures, it is evaluated across the project What does the process "Integrated change control" do? Evaluating project success and failure, formal acceptance, project records, lessons learned Content of the "close project" process? The process of defining and documenting stakeholders needs to meet the project objectives. Definition process "collect requirements"? The process of developing a detailed description of the project and product Definition process "define scope" The process of subdividing project deliverables and project work into smaller, more manageable components Definition process "create WBS" The process of formalizing acceptance of the completed project deliverables Definition process "verify scope" The process of monitoring the status of the project and product scope and managing changes to the scope baseline. Definition process "control scope" The process of identifying the specific actions to be performed to produce the project deliverables. Definition process "Define activities"? The process of identifying and documenting relationships among the project activities Definition process "sequence activities" The process of estimating the type and quantities of material, people, equipment, or supplies required to perform each activitiy Definition process "Estimate activity resources" The process of approximating the number of work periods needed to complete individual activities with estimated resources Definition process "Estimate activity durations" The process of analyzing activity sequences, durations, resource requirements, and schedule constraints to create the project schedule Definition process "Schedule" The process of monitoring the status of the project to update project progress and managing changes to the schedule baseline. Definition process "Control Schedule" The process of developing an approximation of the monetary resources needed to complete project activities Definition process "Estimate Costs" The process of aggregating the estimated costs of individual activities or work packages to establish an authorized cost baseline Definition process "Determine Budget" The process of monitoring the status of the project to update the project budget and managing changes to the cost baseline Definition process "Control Costs" The process of identifying quality requirements and/or standards for the project and product, and documenting how the project will demonstrate compliance Definition process "Plan Quality" The process of auditing the quality requirements and the results from quality control measurements to ensure appropriate quality standards and operational definitions are used. Definition process "Perform Quality Assurance" The process of monitoring and recording results of executing the quality activities to assess performance and recommend necessary changes. Definition process "Perform Quality Control" Precedence Diagramming Method. A technique used for constructing a schedule model in which activities are represented by nodes and are grpahically linked by one or more logical relationships to show the sequence in which the activities are to be performed. PDM A technique used to estimate cost or duration by applying an average of optimistic, pessimistic, and most likely estimates when there is uncertainty with the individual activity estimates. Three-Point Estimate Can be included in the activity list. Can include: activity codes, predecessor activitites, successor activities, logical relationships, leads and lags, resource requirements, imposed dates, constraints, and assumptions. Define "Activity Attributes" monitors and reports on the status of the project to senior management. This role has no authority. He acts as a communication coordinator only and cannot enforce any decisions. What is a project expediter The process of identifying and documenting project roles, responsibilities, and required skills, reporting relationships, and creating a staffing management plan Definition "Develop Human Resource Plan" The process of confirming human resource availability and obtaining the team necessary to complete project assignments. Definition "Acquire Project team" The process of improving the competencies, team interaction, and the overall team environment to enhance project performance. Definition "Develop project team" The process of tracking team member performance, providing feedback, resolving issues, and managing changes to optimize project performance. Definition "Manage Project Team" The process of identifying all people or organizations impacted by the project, and documenting relevant information regarding their interests, involvement, and impact on project success. Definition process "Identify Stakeholder" The process of determining the project stakeholder information needs and defining a communication approach. Definition process "Plan Communications" The process of making relevant information available to project stakeholders as planned. Definition process "Distribute Information" The process of communicating and working with stakeholders to meet their needs and addressing issues as they occur. Definition process "Manage Stakeholder Expectations" The process of collecting and distributing performance information, including status reports, progress measurements, and forecasts. Definition process "Report Performance" Includes the processes required to ensure timely and appropriate generation, collection, distribution, storage, retrieval, and ultimate disposition of project information. Project managers spend the majority of their time communicating with team members and other project stakeholders. Definition "Project Communications Management" The processes of conducting risk management planning, identification, analysis, response planning, and monitoring and control on a project. The objectives of Project Risk Management are to increase the probability and impact of positive events, and decrease the probability and impact of negative events in the project. Definition "Project Risk Management" The process of defining how to conduct risk management activities for a project. Definition process "Plan Risk Management" The process of determining which risks may affect the project and documenting their characteristics. Definition process "Identify Risks" The process of prioritizing risks for further analysis or action by assessing and combining their probability of occurence and impact. Definition process "Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis" The process of numerically analyzing the effect of identified risks on overall project objectives. Definition process "Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis" The process of developing options and actions to enhacne opportunities and to reduce threats to project objectives Definition process "Plan Risk Reponses" The process of implementing risk reponse plans, tracking identified risks, monitoring residual risks, identifying new risks, and evaluating risk process effectiveness throughout the project. Definition process "Monitor and Control Risks" (5 actions) Includes the processes necessary to purchase or acquire products, services, or results needed from outside the project team. The organization can be either the buyer or seller of the products, services, or results of a project. Definition "Project Procurement Management" The process of documenting project purchasing decidions, specifying the approach, and identifying potential sellers. Definition process "Plan Procurements" The process of obtaining seller responses, selecting a seller, and awarding a contract. Definition process "Conduct Procurements" The process of managing procurement relationships, monitoring contract performance, and making changes and corrections as needed. Definition process "Administer Procurements" The process of completing each project procurement. Definition process "Close Procurements" A project is a temporary endeavor with a beginning and an end that creates a unique product, service, or result Definition Project Organizational Project Management. Its an organizational framework which serves as a guide or driver for projects, programs and portfolios. OPM PMIs organizational project management maturity model. It helps organizations determine their level of maturity in project management. What is OPM3? Silo What do you think when you see the term "functional"? (Organizational) no home (for a FTE, no line function) What do you think when you see "projectized" (Organization) 2 Bosses What do you think when you see "Mattrix" (Organization) Matrix Which organization form should be assumed when not explicitly stated? Company culture and existing systems. What means "Enterprise enviromental factors"? Company culture and existing systems. The "baggage" that comes with the project and is outside of the control of the project team. What means "Enterprise enviromental factors"? Project Management Information System PMIS Existing processes, procedures, and historical information. They help the project benefit from past company experience. What are "Organizational process assets"? Part of "Organizational process assets". Assume the organization has information such as historical recors and lessons learned from previous projects and that the company has incorporated those records into an indexed corporate knowledge base available to all. Whats the thing about a "Corporate Knowledge Base"? Data is the "raw data". "information" is the analysis of this data. Is it good or bad? Do we need to change something? ... Difference between "work performance data" and "work performance information"? Plan-driven projects vs. Change-driven projects What are two typical project life cycles? One version of a project life cycle: Scope, schedule and cost need to be determined in detail early in the life of the project, before the work begins to produce the deliverables What are Plan-driven projects One version of a project life cycle, especially adaptive / agile life cycles: time and cost are fixed, but scope is broadly defined with the understanding that it will be refined as the project progresses. Work is planned in quick, brief increments. What are change-driven projects? Usually the plan-driven life cycle. What is the most common Project life cycle, especially for the exam? What you need to do to manage the work: Initiating, Planning, Executing, Monitoring and controlling, closing. What are the project management processes? All project management processes (initiating, planning,..., closing) may be used for every step of a project life cycle (feasibility, planning, design,...) Difference between project life cycle and project management process iterative What kind of process is the planning process? Request for Proposal What does RfP stand for? Request for Quotation What does RfQ stand for? Invitation for Bid What does IFB stand for? Monitor and Control Gain acceptance of interim deliverables from the customer Monitor and Control Manage Configuration Monitor and Control Update the PM plan and project documents Closing Confirm work was done to requirementes Executing Determine whether processes are correct and effective (Quality Assurance) Executing Gather work performance data Executing Report on project performance Executing Perform quality audits Executing Facilitate conflict resolution Executing Use issue logs Executing Release resources as work is completed The functional and physical characteristics of a product, result, service, or component. Definition "Configuration" A graphical representation of the logical relationships among the project schedule activities. Definition "Network diagram" create activity list What comes before "create network diagram"? go back - iterations What comes before "finalize procurement documents"? determine detailed requirements What comes before "creat project scope statement"? determine planning team What comes before "create wbs and wbs dictionary"? estimate time and cost What comes before "determine critical path"? estimate resource requirements What comes before "estimate time and cost"? develope a realistic and final project management plan and performance measurement baseline What comes before "gain formal approval of the plan"? gain formal approval of the plan What comes before "hold kickoff meeting"? develop budget What comes before "determine quality standards, processes and metrics"? create project scope statement What comes before "assess what to purchase and create procurement documents"? determine all roles and responsibilities What comes before "plan communications and stakeholder engagement"? perform risk identification, qualitative and quantitative risk analzsis, and risk response planning What comes before "go back - iterations"? determine qualitz standards, processes, and metrics What comes before "create process improvement plan"? create process improvement plan What comes before "determine all roles and responsibilities"? plan communciations and stakeholder management What comes before "perform risk identification, qualitative and quantitative risk analzsis, and risk response planning"? Create network diagram What comes before "estimate resource requirements"? create wbs and wbs dictionary What comes before "create activity list"? Measure -> Change -> Update -> Lessons learned Storyline der "control"-Prozesse What do I need before I can... An "input" means... Benefit measurement methods (comparative approach), Constrained optimization method (mathematical approach) The two methods for project selection? Change, Configuration, Requirements and Process Which management plans additional to the one related to every knowledge area do exists? Scope, Schedule and Cost What baselines do exist? Any changes to the Baseline Requirements agreed with the client, should be taken up by project team on approval from this committee. What is a "Change control board"? Part of the "Scope Management Process". Involves defining and planning for stakeholders needs, wants, expectations, and assumptions to determine the requirements for the project. What is the "Requirements Management Plan" The project manager needs to think in advance about where there might be changes and what to do to limit the negative effects of changes. The PM needs to stand as a barrier to prevent unnecessary changes. The Change Mgmt plan describes how changes will be managed and controlled. Definition and Reason for the "Change Management Plan"? It defines how you will manage changes to the deliverables and processes and the resulting documentation. What is the "Configuration management plan"? Later in the project management process, you will need to constantly measure progress against the projhect management plan. The end date, end cost, and other constraints in the project MUST be met. Why is it so important to have a project management plan that is realistic? Any project-related documents that are not part of the project management plan. Most "project documents" are created by the project manager for use on the project and typically are not shown to or approved by the sponsor. (As opposed to the Project Management plan) What are "project documents"? To determine the Early Start of an activity, factor in all its dependencies and see its earliest start date. (Forward pass technique) ES The Early Finish (EF) is the earliest calculated time an activity can end. (forward pass method) EF Late Start (LS) and Late Finish(LF). calculating backward to see how much an activity may slide without affecting the finish date. What are the "Backward pass techniques"? Late Start. The latest time an activity may begin without delaying the project duration. (Backward pass technique) LS Late Finish (LF) latest time an activity may be completedwithout delaying the project duration. (backward pass technique) LF The project managers system for authorizing the start of work packages or activities What is the work authorization system Undertaken to adjust performance within the existing project baseline and do NOT change them. Therefore a proper baseline has to be established. What is important to understand about "corrective actions"? Preventive Action deals with anticipated or possible deviations. It requieres more experience than calculations. Evaluating Trends. Difference between "Corrective" and "Preventive Action"? Another way of saying "Rework", when a component of the project does not meet specifications. What is "Defect Repair"? evaluate impact (to all constraints, i.e. knowledge areas), identify options, get internal approval (change control board), get customer buy-in (if required) Process for change requests assume there is one what about the change control board? validate scope is about getting formal acceptance from the customer for many interim deliverables difference between close project and validate scope? requirements for a project, i.e. definition of scope, are gathered from all stakeholders, not just the person who assigned the project who defines requirements? project scope = product scope(i.e. deliverable) + work to create deliverable Difference product and project scope That i am the buyer of staff whats the assumption about procurements in the exam? it gives boundaries. no one can request or add work to the project that is not documented in the charter why is a proper charter so important? if you cannot plan it, you cannot do it idea behind the creation of management plans analyze, prioritize, manage and track changes what happens after requirements are collected? all. not only product requirements. compliance, project / risk mgmt etc. what requirements are collected? a missed requirement can mean significant changes and conflict and even project failure why is requirement collection so important? u.a. review historical records, interviews, focus groups, brainstorming... tools for requirement collection? evaluate and rank what happens with ideas from brainstorming Experts are being asked independently for their opinion. The answers are comprehended and send back for review and comments until an agreement is found delphi technique? ask for acceptance criteria. "How will we know if the work we do will meet this requirement?" how do you ensure that you properly understood a requirement? They have priority! what about requirements of the customer? luft gaiss helps to determine which risks have the most potential impact on the project. Sensitivity analysis Accept those that best comply with - the BC of the project, the charter, the scope, the constraints (e.g. schedule) How do you resolve competing requirements? Links the requirements to the objectives of the project. (We do "Small chairs in children area" because we want to "provide a pleasant place for community member to meet") What is the requirements traceability matrix? By assigning team members to manage a requirement. How can requirements be managed? Here is the approved project and product scope for this project. What does the scope statement say? A tool build into the WBS to manage and control cost, schedule, and scope at a higher level than workpackages (e.g. workstreams) Control Accounts? Scope increasing or varying from what was planned Scope Creep? You decompose the project using a WBS Decompose vs. WBS? Risk Breakdown Structure - The RBS splits risks into categories and then splits them further into sub-categories thereby making our lives (The life of a Risk Manager) easier. RBS provides a description of the work to be done for each WBS work package. a project manager can user the WBS dictionary to prevent scope creep before work even starts on the project. WBS dictionary? Frequent, planed meetings with the customer or sponsor to gain formal accptance of deliverables during project monitoring and controlling. How do you "validate scope"? You perform quality inspection before you go to the customer. What do you do before "validate scope"? measuring and assessing work performance data against the scope baseline. If necessary, you would submit a change through the integrated change process. How do you "control scope"? A work authorization system Tool for Schedule management? you may meet to plan the schedule with the project sponsor, team members, and other stakeholders. how could you plan the schedule? You plan acitivities to the detail needed to manage the work only when you start that phase of the project life cycle. What do you do in "Rolling Wave Planning"? significant events within the project schedule and checkpoints to help control the project What are milestones (for)? (2) A network diagram Result of "sequence activities"? It can show the critical path network diagram + activity duration estimates = ? Arrow Diagramming Method ADM Graphical Evaluation and review technique GERT method? Nowadays PDM is used. PDM vs ADM vs GERT? Activity on Node = PDM AON? A computer simulation technique that allows loops between activities. (Designing and testing e.g.) What contains GERT? In "soft logic" you can change a discretionary dependency if necessary. Only the organization decided to usually do it this way. Difference between mandatory and discretionary dependency? Mandatory, discretional, external and internal Types of dependencies for scheduling? (4) Waiting time inserted between activities. e.g. a 10 day lag exists, the next activity cannot be initiated under any circumstances unless and until the 10 full days have passed by What is "Lag"? an activity can start before its predecessor activity is completed. What is "Lead"? Ideally the person who will do the work. Who should do estimations? Historical information from past projects (part of organizational process assets) What is key to improve estimates? If smaller size work is estimated How can estimates become more accurate? Equipment, materials and people What are ressources? Ressource breakdown structure RBS the resources to be used, organized by their category and type. What does a RBS show? Extra time or cost added to an estimate because the estimator does not have enough information. What is a "pad" / "padding"? Identify and openly adress uncertainties with the project managers What should estimators do when estimating to avoid padding? u.a. sanity check, prevent padding, formulate a reserve, record asumptions for later review. If the people that will do the work are estimating, what does the project manager do? (4) If an estimator submits one estimate per activity What is a one-point estimate? Top/down estimating? expert judgement and historical information is used. (as opposed to bottom-up estimating) What is "Analogous estimating"? Estimating based on sub-variables, e.g. time per line of code, time per linear meter, time per installation etc. What is "parametric" estimating? A generally accepted rule (of thumb) or best practice. E.g. 80/20. What is "Heuristics"? (P+O+M)/3 What is "Triangular distribution"? (p+4m+O)/6 Beta distribution? (p-o)/6 Beta activity standard deviation? tha possible range for the estimate activity standard deviation? expected activity duration EAD Standard deviation SD ... the greater the risk overall The greater the range (schedule variance) for a project, the ... Project managers have a professional respnsibility to establish a reserve to accommodate the risks that remain in the project after the risk management planning process have been completed What about "reserve"? Contingency reserve for the identified risks remaining after risk responses are planned and management reserves fore the unknown unknown. Two types of "reserves"? determining the longest path through the network diagram How do you determine the critical path? you need to focus time and effor monitoring and controlling activities on both the critical and near-critical path so there is no delay in project compleation What do you need to know about near-critical path? total is for an activity without delaying the project or intermediary milestone. free is for an activity not delaying the ES of its successor and project is without delaying externallz imposed completion date. total, free and project float? taking critical path activities that were originally planned in a series and doing them instead in parallel Fast Tracking? adding or adjusting resources in order to compress the schedule. it trades time for money Crashing? Fast Tracking and Crashing The two schedule compression methods? he analyzes and the lets the requester (sponsor, mgmt, customer...) know about the consequences. he does NOT just say yes. What does a project manager do with a request? Leveling lengthens the schedule and increases cost in order to deal with a limited amount of resources. smoothing only shifts to the extend of floats difference between resource leveling and smoothing? critical path + resource dependencies = critical chain Critical chain vs critical path method? network diagram, milestone chart or bar chart how can a project schedule be shown? show interdependencies between activities why network diagram before bar chart? report to senior management why milestone chart before bar chart? to track progress and report to the team why bar chart before network diagram? Organization Breakdown Structure OBS value engineering - find a less costly way to do the same work Value Analysis quick, activities need not be identified, less costly to create vs. less accurate, requires considerable experience, does not take into account differences between projects advantages and disadvantages of analogous estimating the exam assumes that a project manager knows the actual cost of labor when performing detailed cost estimating. (might also involve estimating the work of consultants, vendors and suppliers)\ resource cost rates -25% - +50% estimate from actual cost ROM? cost estimate made during project planning. -10% to +25% from actual budget estimate +/-10 percent from actual cost estimation, some project managers use -5% to +10% definitive estimate rom / budget estimate / definitive estimate three steps of estimation accuracy? the cost budget includes also management reserves (for the unkown unknowns) difference between cost baseline and cost budget? follow the cost management plan What actions should a project manager take to control cost? Measure. Assume that the project manager is measuring, measuring, measuring. You need to have an "attitude" of control. It is your project and your career. What means "control"? part of controlling costs involves analyzing whether those contingency reserves are sill necessary or whether new reserves are required. reserve analysis? a combination of the three baselines scope, schedule and cost. performance measurement baseline? variance at completion - as of today, how much over or under budget do we expect to be at the end of the project? vac We are getting xy USD worth of work out of every 1 USD we spent. Meaning of CPI? 4 how many formulas for EAC? when the original estimate was fundamentally flawed when to use ac +etc = eac? if no variances from the bac have occurred or you will continue at the same rate of spending when to use bac/cpi = eac? when current variances are thought to be atypical of the future. it is ac plus the remaining value of work to perform when to use ac + (bac - ev) = eac when current variances are thought to be typical of the future and when project schedule constraints will influence the completion of the remaining effort. when to use bac = ac + (bac-ev) / (cpi*SPI) bac - eac formula for vac? quality is defined as the degree to which the project fulfills requirements. (Not about how cool it is / gold-plating etc.) definition of quality? quality theorist. developed 80/20 principle What did Joseph Juran do? quality theorist - advocated zero defects and prevention over inspection. concept of the cost of poor quality what did philip crosby do since most projects have difficulty to meet the project objectives, all available effort should go into achieving those objectives. What is bad about gold plating? quality management - looking for the point where the benefits from improving quality equals the incremental cost to achieve this quality marginal analysis Just in time - decreasing inventory to close to zero JIT total quality management - this philosophy encourages companies and their emplozees to continuously improve the quality of their products at every level of the organization tqm each team member must check his or her work by inspecting the quality of his work himself. the project manager has the fnial responsibility. responsibility for quality The UN convention on contracts for international sale of goods - standard that governs international sales transactions CISG occupational safetz and health administration - standards for the safetz of american workers osha it will result in additions or changes to the project management plan and project documents. e.g. work may be added to the WBS, resources may be changed... results of the plan quality management process a common flowchart model - shows the connections between supplier, input, process, output, and customer in a process SIPOC Checksheet. keep track of data such as quality problems uncovered during inspections. e.g. how often a particular defect occurs. "Strichliste" Tally sheet? control limits represent the performing organizations stadards, specification limits represent the customers expectations or contractual requirements Difference between control and specification limits a heuristic. if a group or series of seven data points is on only one side of the mean on a control chart. And also they are not out of the control limit they are not random and the process is out of control Rule of seven? when the rule of seven applies or a data point is outside the control limit or even specification limit when is a process out of control use experimentation to determine statistically what variables will improve quality - systematically change all of the important factors in a process Design of experiments a group outside the project while the project work is being done Who performs quality assurance and when? is being used when checking the quality of the deliverable Quality checklist? Imagine a team of auditors to see if you are complying with company policies, standardized practices, and procedures and to determine whether the policies, practices, and procedures being used are efficient and effective Who does quality audits? A part of continuous improvement effort in a project that focuses on identifying improvements - part of quality management Process Analysis process decision program charts - these charts decompose a goal into steps required to achieve it and each step is then reviewed for potential risk PDPC you at first gather data through analysis and then use the interrelationship digraph to identify the cause and effect relationships between the data. Interrelationship digraphs Relations Diagrams are drawn to show all the different relationships between factors, areas, or processes. Interrelationship digraphs Administrative and Behavioral Two parts in "Human Ressources" Reponsible for governance at an executive level of the projects or programs that make up a portfolio. What is the role of a portfolio manager? Think of your team as if they are employees who report directly to you. How to best think of your team in terms of HR? Responsibility assignment matrix - cross-references team members with the activities or work packages they are to accomplish RAM? You will see negotiation frequently referenced on the exam as it relates to gaining resources from within your organization and in procurement situations. Negotiation? Can be more challenging to manage, but you can reach out to the whole world to find the best team members. Pro and Con of virtual teams? establish a set of criteria to help evaluate potential team members. multi-criteria decision analysis in HR The project manager should incorporate team-building activities into all project activities Where should "Team building" be happening? Forming, storming, norming, performing, adjourning Stages of team formation and development? What standards of behavior do you expect for team members interactions with each other? What are the project rules? What are ground rules? #NAME? Tight Matrix? evaluate and enhance the effectiveness of the team as A WHOLE What is important to know about "Team performance measurement"? Expert and reward What are the best forms of power? the pm coordinates the input of others Facilitating the pm solicits input from team members but retains decision-making authority for himself consultative-autocratic those who have the cnoflict, possibly assisted by the project manager who should resolve conflicts? is is not bad, its an opportunity for improvement, and it is inevitable what about conflict? collaborating, compromising, withdrawal, smoothing, forcing the main conflict resolution techniques? collaboration (i.e. problem solving) best conflict resolution techniques? employees who believe their efforts will lead to effective performance and who expect to be rewarded for their accomplishments will remain productive as rewards meet their expectation expectancy theory a neutral party hears and resolves a dispute arbitration in conflicts? some employees receive special rewards, such as assigned parking spaces, corner offices and executive dining. perquisites (perks) the "standard" benefits (education, profit sharing etc.) Fringe benefits? Theory of needs (Acquired needs theory) David McClelland? people are most motivated by achievement, affiliation and power theory of needs? Input - Tools and Techniques - Output ITTO Magisches Dreieck - Time, Cost, Scope Triple constraints? Providing information in the right format at the right time Effective communication? When project managers unknowingly introduce communication blockers into their projects. e.g. using meaningless phrases or being hostile or negative What are communication blockers? Often too much time is spend reporting and not enough time managing. Problem with reports? PMO ist eine organisatorische Einheit die es unabhängig von der Dauer eines konkreten Projekts gibt. Ein PO ist für ein konkretes Projekt zuständig und von daher mit begrenzter Dauer. Unterschied PMO und PO Statement of Work SOW? It is both. An input to a project to develop the project charter and an output from procurement, which serves as an input to the receiving organization Is SOW an input or an output? Projekt- vs. Standard-Unternehmens-Kostenstellen Control accounts vs "Chart of Accounts" Nummer eines workpackages Code of account? Nummer eines workpackages vs Standard-Unternehmens-Kostenstellen code of account vs. chart of accounts Experten Member of focus groups? Project & feeding buffer Two kinds of buffers for the critical path on activities and on workpackages zwo contingency reserves the typical cost curve what is s-shaped? Over budget what is "cost overrun" A tally sheet. Eine Strichlister what is a checksheet? Prioritization of risks Goal of "Perform qualitative risk analysis"? Expected monetary value EMV? Fixed Price with economic price adjustment - i.e. price will be adjusted according to a factor, e.g. steel price FP-EPA? the price per unit What is fixed in a time-material contract? 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